Calcific degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is common and affects over 3% of those over 65 years of age in the Western world, and the prevalence is expected to continue to rise, owing to the aging population.

Lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with lifestyle and statin therapy is the dominant means of attenuating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.

Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery disease (INOCA) refers to the presence of myocardial ischemia in the absence of a ≥50% diameter stenosis.

Aortic aneurysm first gained purchase in general medical practice with the realization of the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in older patients.

A signing ceremony was held at the Sino-European School of Technology of Shanghai University（UTSEUS） on July 9, 2021.