In 2008, one of this paper’s coauthors (G.P.V.) created an international exchange program between the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry,

Limited venous access and lateral left ventricular scar are impediments to traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy.

A 14-year-old male with bicuspid aortic valve presented after resuscitated ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.

Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that is challenging to diagnose and treat correctly. A correct diagnosis requires clinical manifestations (venous, arterial, or placental thrombosis) and laboratory criteria documented on at least 2 occasions at least 12 weeks apart. These patients are generally considered to be at high risk for recurrent thrombosis and require indefinite-duration anticoagulation therapy.

The patient had a long-standing history of nonischemic cardiomyopathy diagnosed at age 53 years